Production and refining of metals cooperative patent. Major steps in extraction of metal ore concentration ore is. Extracting iron and copper reactions of metals aqa. Join our community just now to flow with the file extraction of metals and make our shared file collection even more complete and exciting. Extraction of crude metal ores can be concentrated by using any of the four methods hydraulic washing, magnetic separation, froth flotation and leaching. The method of extraction which is most appropriate depends on the reactivity of the metal being extracted. The mond process marked an entirely new departure in metallurgical practice and in the principles which had hitherto guided it. Metals and nonmetals extraction of metals class 10. Metal extraction from ores by heap leaching springerlink. Pdf the first steps in the production of a metal object are to extract the. The principles of selective reduction and extraction of iron from lean and complex ores without melting have been. Ppt extraction of metals from their ores powerpoint.
Mineral and metal binding biomolecules find applications in selective mineral and metal separation. Chemistry notes for class 12 chapter 6 general principles and. Metals are extracted from ores, which are minerals found in the earths crust that contain metal compounds. The basic step of extracting metals is called concentration of ores. Extraction of metals low in the activity series the ores of the metals are generally sulphides which is reduced by heating in the presence of oxygen name the process in which ore is heated in presence of oxygen. However, the value of ores changes over time due to society and technology. Metallurgy is distinguished from the craft of metalworking, although metalworking relies on metallurgy, as medicine relies on medical science, for technical advancement. In fact, it constitutes the very first presentation of the vast possibilities metallurgical engineering is based on the principles of science and engineering, and may be divided into process metallurgy, which is concerned with extracting metals from their ores to make refined alloys, and physical metallurgy, which involves the shaping, alloying. The process of extraction of metals by the use of electrolysis phenomenon is called electrometallurgy.
Hydrometallurgical extraction of platinum group metals from a. General principles and processes of isolation of elements. They are extracted by the electrolysis of their fused salts. Metal extraction the occurrence of metals in the earths crust rocks that contain a high enough percentage of a metal to be extracted commercially are known as ores. An ore is a source of metal from which you can economically extract the metal. An introduction to the chemistry of metal extraction. The process of extracting a metal in pure form from its ore is known as metallurgy. In fact, microorganisms can be successfully used for the extraction of metals e. Charlesworth marthc kuqtenhurg refiners ik limited, roston, england to extract the platinum group metals from ore, and to refine them to the very high purity required for their. Hydrometallurgy uses aqueous solutions to extract metals from ores leaching.
An introduction to the chemistry of metal extraction chemistry. Mr crooksextraction of metals from their ores slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Gcse chemistry extraction of metals what is a metal. These metals must be extracted from their ores before they can be made useful. Definition of extraction of metals free physics dictionary. Chapter 6 copper production technology the last boomin technological innovation for the copper industry occurred in the first two decades of this century, whenopen pit mining, flo tation concentration,and the reverberatory smelter were adapted to porphyry copper ores.
The occurrence of metals in nature is only a part of the process, these metals also have to be extracted. Oct 28, 2015 name the chief ores of copper, zinc and lead describe and explain the general methods used in the extraction of copper, zinc and lead from their ores. Metals are generally extracted by the following steps. Details for the extraction of aluminium, copper, iron and titanium are. Separating the platinum group metals by liquidliquid. The method of extraction depends on how reactive the metal is. An ore is a mineral that contains enough metal to make it worth extracting the metal. The ore is first roasted with salt in the usual way, whereby the formation of base metal chlorides cannot be avoided entirely. But this is not the case with more reactive iron or aluminum. Rock leaching, including rock pore diffusion and mineral kinetics, solution flow, and retention in ore heaps during percolation leaching, and biooxidation of sulfidic.
Some important ores type of ore metals common ores native metals gold au, silver ag. We normally obtain iron from an ore called haematite which contains iron oxide. A metal can either be reduced or oxidised in a reaction. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace iron is also below carbon in the reactivity series, so therefore carbon can be used to reduce it note. Dec 02, 2012 the extraction of nickel from its ores by the mond process 1. Extractive metallurgy is a branch of metallurgical engineering wherein process and methods of extraction of metals from their natural mineral deposits are studied. Thus, all ores are minerals but all minerals are not ores. In nigeria, the extraction of iron from iron ore is a novel technological exercise carried out by an iron ore mining company located at. Jan 30, 2016 the leaching of precious metals such as gold can be carried out with cyanide or ozone under mild conditions. The extractive metallurgy series is devoted to the extraction of metals from ores and other sources, their refining to the state of either liquid or solid metal, and the various processes needed to carry out these operations. A method for leaching or dissolving gold from ores or. Mining with microbes is both economical and environmental friendly. The mineral from which the metal is economically and conveniently extracted is called an ore.
This metal is also a constituent of certain pigments such as chlorophyll in plants and haemoglobin in animals. Methods for turning the metal compounds in ores into metals depend on. Extraction of metals methods of extraction of metals. Most metals are actually found combined with other elements, as compounds in ores. Heap leaching lowgrade ores has become a major contributor to the extraction of economically important metals, notably copper and gold. The reactivity series shows metals in order of reactivity.
Most compounds are found as oxides or sulphides, but sulphides are usually converted to oxides. An ore is usually a compound of the metal mixed with impurities. In this video, we look at how displacement reactions can be used to extract metals from their compounds looking specifically at the extraction of iron. Also includes a topic summary and learning checklist. Written by teachers for the cie igcse chemistry course. The field is a materials science, covering all aspects of the types of ore, washing, concentration, separation, chemical processes and extraction of pure metal and their alloying to. Download this books into available format 2019 update. The extraction of silver by the solving processes simple. Rocks are a mixture of minerals and from some we can make useful substances.
The more reactive metals require electrolysis a technique involving electricity to achieve this. However, it isnt economically worthwhile to extract it from most of these minerals. Major ore producing areas are singhbum district bihar, balaghat. Metals found at the bottom of reactivity series are least reactive and they are often found in nature in freestate. Iron and aluminium are extracted from their ores in various ways. Minerals and ores the naturally occurring substances in the form of which the metals occur in the earth crust are called minerals. The most important ore of zinc is mostly zinc sulphide. Metallurgy is the field of science which deals with the extraction of metals. They are reduction of the ore with carbon, reduction of the molten ore by electrolysis, and reduction of the ore with a more reactive metal.
The production of metals involves the processing of ores to extract the metal they contain, and the mixture of metals, sometimes with other elements, to produce alloys. Notes chemistry 3 occurrence and extraction of metals module 6 chemistry of elements table 16. For example, rocks containing only 5% copper would have. Metals are found in the combined state in ores where they exist as positive ions. Processes and procedures in the extraction of iron. Usually iron and aluminum exist as compounds, with oxygen, also known as oxides. The total reserves of the ore in the country are estimated around 60 crore tonnes. Principles and procedures involved in the extraction of metals. Extracting metals from their ores the majority of metals do not occur native and, instead, are compounds like sulphides or oxides.
Every mineral is not suitable for the extraction of the metal. Carbon can be used to extract metals from some metal oxides. The highly electropositive elements such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and aluminium cannot be extracted by carbon reduction methods. These compounds are called minerals and a rock which contains a mineral is known as an ore. Metals, save for a few, do not occur free on the earth. Practica in process engineering ii extraction introduction extraction is a process in which one or more components are separated selectively from a liquid, 8. Pdf the depletion of highquality ore deposits makes it necessary to develop technologies of processing of poor or complex ores such as sideroplezite. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The metal content in the ore can vary depending upon the impurities present and chemical composition of the ore.
A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Copper can be extracted from nonsulfide ores by a different process involving three separate stages. Since, the nature of the ore and also the properties of different metals are different, therefore, it is not possible to have the universal scheme which may be applicable to all the metals. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about extraction of metals ppt. This reduction process can be done electrolytically or by thermal or chemical methods. Sulphides ores are usually converted to oxides before extraction by roasting with oxygen. Extraction of metals occurrence ores of some metals are very common iron, aluminium others occur only in limited quantities in selected areas ores need to be purified before being reduced to the metal this adds to the expense high grade ores are therefore cheaper to process. Methods of extraction of metals from ores chemistry. The choice of the process depends upon the nature of the ore and the type of the metal. Why can one method be used to extract one metal, but not another. In industry, an ore is a rock that contains enough metal to make mining and extraction economical. Isolation of elements in chemistry class 12 aims to teach the students about various processes of extraction of metals from ores. Broadly speaking, biohydrometallurgy deals with the application of biotechnology in mining industry.
Aluminium and iron are the most abundant metals in the earths crust. Usually, less reactive metals such as gold and silver are found in their pure form in the soil. Igcse extraction of metals from ores notes igcse and ial. Occurrence and extraction of metals module 6 notes chemistry of elements metals and their alloys are extensively used in our daytoday life. Roshchin south ural state university national research university, chelyabinsk, russia. An ore is any naturallyoccurring source of a metal that you can economically extract the metal from.
Metals such as zinc, iron and copper are present in ores as their oxides. Reduction of metals extraction from ore alevel chemistry. Metal ores are formed in the process of ore genesis, and they are extracted through mining. This page looks at the various factors which influence the choice of method for extracting metals from their ores, including reduction by carbon, reduction by a reactive metal like sodium or magnesium, and by electrolysis. Reaction of the ore over quite a long time and on a huge scale with a dilute acid such as dilute sulfuric acid to produce a very dilute copperii sulfate solution. The minerals from which a metal can be profitably extracted are called ores. Jul 14, 2016 this presentation steps students through extracting metals from ores as well as the recycling of aluminium as aligned with the australian year 11 chemistry. The most common metal ores are oxides and sulfides. Separating the platinum group metals by liquid liquid ext raction new process has potential economic advantages over conventional selective precipitation by p. Iron, however, is removed in a blast furnace, like the one.
Reduction occurs when a metal in a compound loses oxygen, to form the elemental metal. During the extraction of metals, the metallic ions must first be reduced to the corresponding metal atoms. Metals were discovered in reverse order of their chemical activity. It includes background information about the principles of the unit operations. Hydrometallurgical extraction of platinum group metals from a lowgrade ore concentrate. Aluminum, for example, is the most common metal in the earths crust, occurring in all sorts of minerals. Reactivity of metals related to their extraction from ores.
Therefore, a method for leaching or dissolving gold from ores or precious. Extractive metallurgy is the practice of removing valuable metals from an ore and refining the extracted raw metals into a purer form. General principles of extraction of metals the process of extracting the metals from their ores and refining them is calledmetallurgy. The purpose of this present publication is to update and expand the original book. Extraction metallurgy download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. The process of treatment depends on upon the nature of the ore, impurities, and the metal. Methods of metal recovery by microorganisms 2 methods. Copper and silver are also found in the form of sulphide and oxide ores. Gcse chemistry extraction of metals what is a metal ore.
The reactivity of a metal is related to its tendency to form positive ions. From the extraction point of view, the metals can be broadly classified into five categories. Microbial communities near and on the minerals in an ore deposit are a very rich source of genetic information which could be utilized to create synthetic and modified microbiomes that extract, concentrate, and beneficiate metal forms 16. Extracting metals some unreactive metals, like gold and silver, are found in the earths crust as pure substances. The unreactive metals are removed form their ores simply by heating. Metals with low chemical activity, such a gold and silver are normally found in their pure state copper, tin, lead, and iron are more reactive and must be heated with carbon to extract the metals aluminum, calcium, sodium and other active metals are extracted using electrolysis copper can be extracted from its ores by reduction. Notes 4 chemistry module 6 occurrence and extraction of metals chemistry of elements copper india does not have rich copper ore deposits.
The least active metals ie gold and silver were discovered first. Further, this document is not intended to be used for commercial purpose and. View and download powerpoint presentations on extraction of metals ppt. Extraction of copper mining, concentration, smelting. Download extraction of metals from soils and waters. Metals such as zinc, nickel, tin, lead and copper need to be heated with carbon or carbon monoxide to extract them. Most metals are found combined with other elements, as compounds in ores. The extraction of metals and minerals is the fifthlargest. Using the methodology of chemical reaction engineering, this second volume in the.
An ore is a mineral deposit that can be mined and refined at profit. This resource is aligned to the australian year 10 chemistry curriculum, but would be useful for other curriculums as well. Extraction of metals cie igcse chemistry revision notes. Smelting is a metallurgy technique to extract base metals from their ores with the help of heat and a chemical reducing agent. Therefore, production of a variety of metals in large quantities is necessary for. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace reduction haematite o. When the metal is dug up, a method must be used to separate the metal from the rest of the ore. They are used for making machines, railways, motor vehicles, bridges, buildings, agricultural tools, aircrafts, ships etc. This presentation steps students through extracting metals from ores as well as the recycling of aluminium as aligned with the australian year 11 chemistry.
What methods can be used in extracting metals from mineral ores. Copper smelting means that the concentrated ore is heated strongly with silicon dioxide silica, calcium carbonate caco 3 and air in a furnace. After roasting, the ore is first subjected to leaching with water, in order to extract the base metal chlorides, and then with hyposulphite of lime, to extract the silver. Pyrometallurgy deals with the methods of extraction of metals from their ores.
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